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␈↓ ↓H␈↓α␈↓ ∧βTOWARDS MEDIATION IN SOUTH AFRICA

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_There␈α
will␈α
probably␈α
be␈α
a␈α
war␈α
in␈αSouth␈α
Africa␈α
between␈α
the␈α
South␈α
African␈α
whites␈α
and␈αthe
␈↓ ↓H␈↓South␈α∂African␈α⊂blacks␈α∂and␈α∂the␈α⊂black␈α∂ruled␈α∂countries␈α⊂bordering␈α∂South␈α∂Africa.␈α⊂ In␈α∂this␈α⊂war,␈α∂the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓white␈α∞South␈α∂Africans␈α∞will␈α∞be␈α∂on␈α∞their␈α∞own,␈α∂but␈α∞their␈α∞opponents␈α∂will␈α∞have␈α∂considerable␈α∞outside
␈↓ ↓H␈↓help.␈α⊂ How␈α⊂soon␈α⊂such␈α⊂a␈α⊂war␈α⊂might␈α⊂begin␈α⊂is␈α⊂problematic,␈α⊂because␈α⊂the␈α⊂countries␈α⊂determined␈α⊂to
␈↓ ↓H␈↓attack aren't strong enough yet.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_Let us consider the imaginable outcomes of such a war:

␈↓ ↓H␈↓1.␈αThe␈αwhite␈αSouth␈αAfricans␈αare␈αconquered,␈αaccept␈αmajority␈αrule,␈αare␈αmoderately␈αwell␈αtreated,␈α
and
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the␈α∂area␈α∂becomes␈α⊂normal.␈α∂ Objectively,␈α∂this␈α⊂seems␈α∂unlikely,␈α∂and␈α⊂it␈α∂is␈α∂seen␈α⊂and␈α∂will␈α∂be␈α⊂seen␈α∂as
␈↓ ↓H␈↓extremely unlikely by the white South Africans.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓2.␈α⊂The␈α⊂white␈α⊂South␈α⊂Africans␈α⊂are␈α⊂conquered␈α⊂and␈α⊂are␈α⊂treated␈α⊂badly␈α⊂-␈α⊂almost␈α⊂all␈α⊂the␈α∂survivors
␈↓ ↓H␈↓becoming␈α∂refugees.␈α∂ The␈α∂white␈α∂South␈α∂Africans␈α∂see␈α∂this␈α∂as␈α∂more␈α∂likely␈α∂than␈α∂outcome␈α∂1␈α∂and␈α∞so,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓apparently, do most black Africans.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓3.␈α∃The␈α⊗white␈α∃South␈α⊗Africans␈α∃win␈α⊗a␈α∃decisive␈α⊗victory,␈α∃and␈α⊗the␈α∃present␈α⊗situation␈α∃continues
␈↓ ↓H␈↓indefinitely.␈α⊂ Probably␈α⊂no-one␈α⊃regards␈α⊂this␈α⊂as␈α⊃likely,␈α⊂because␈α⊂a␈α⊃decisive␈α⊂victory␈α⊂could␈α⊃only␈α⊂be
␈↓ ↓H␈↓obtained␈α∞by␈α∞the␈α∞white␈α∞South␈α∞Africans␈α∂conquering␈α∞black␈α∞Africa.␈α∞ They␈α∞might␈α∞succeed␈α∞in␈α∂this␈α∞if
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Africa␈α∞were␈α∂isolated,␈α∞but␈α∞no-one␈α∂believes␈α∞it␈α∂likely␈α∞that␈α∞the␈α∂rest␈α∞of␈α∞the␈α∂world␈α∞would␈α∂permit␈α∞this
␈↓ ↓H␈↓outcome.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓4.␈α
An␈α
unsuccessful␈α
attack␈αby␈α
South␈α
Africa's␈α
neighbors␈α
leads␈αto␈α
Russian␈α
intervention␈α
on␈α
the␈αpart␈α
of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the␈α
black␈α
Africans.␈α
 The␈αwar␈α
becomes␈α
nuclear.␈α
 White␈αSouth␈α
Africa␈α
is␈α
completely␈α
destroyed␈αand
␈↓ ↓H␈↓black␈α
South␈α
Africa␈α
is␈α
mostly␈α
destroyed␈αalso.␈α
 Russia␈α
and␈α
other␈α
outside␈α
intervenors␈α
lose␈αsome␈α
major
␈↓ ↓H␈↓cities␈αto␈αsubmarine␈αlaunched␈α
missiles␈αand␈αto␈αsmuggled␈α
bombs.␈α The␈αrest␈αof␈α
Africa␈αloses␈αmost␈αof␈α
its
␈↓ ↓H␈↓cities,␈αand␈αlarge␈αareas␈α
of␈αAfrica␈αbecome␈αuninhabitably␈α
radioactive.␈α Fallout␈αcauses␈αcasualties␈α
in␈αa
␈↓ ↓H␈↓much␈α
larger␈α∞part␈α
of␈α
the␈α∞world.␈α
 This␈α
outcome␈α∞is␈α
improbable␈α
but␈α∞not␈α
impossible.␈α
 It␈α∞would␈α
seem
␈↓ ↓H␈↓that␈αeven␈αthe␈α
most␈αmilitant␈αRussian␈αwould␈α
not␈αrisk␈αlosing␈α
even␈αa␈αfew␈αcities␈α
in␈αa␈αwar␈α
with␈αSouth
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Africa␈αwhile␈αthe␈αU.S.␈α
and␈αChina␈αremain␈αtotally␈αunaffected.␈α
 However,␈αwars␈αhave␈αbeen␈α
fought␈αin
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the past when the probable outcome appeared just as unfavorable to the participants.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓5.␈αAn␈αextremely␈αbloody␈αbut␈αlocalized␈αbattle␈αin␈αwhich␈αhundreds␈αof␈αthousands␈αof␈αwhites␈αand␈α
maybe
␈↓ ↓H␈↓millions␈α∞of␈α∞blacks␈α∞are␈α∞killed␈α
leads␈α∞to␈α∞an␈α∞eventual␈α∞stalemate␈α
from␈α∞which␈α∞neither␈α∞party␈α∞can␈α
make
␈↓ ↓H␈↓progress.  An armistice and a more or less uneasy peace occurs.  This has two subcases:

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_a.␈α
The␈αwhite␈α
controlled␈α
territories␈αstill␈α
contain␈αa␈α
majority␈α
of␈αblacks,␈α
and␈α
they␈αstill␈α
do␈αmost␈α
of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the manual work.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_b.␈αIn␈αthe␈αcourse␈αof␈αthe␈αfighting,␈αthe␈αblacks␈αflee␈αor␈αare␈αdriven␈αto␈αblack␈αcontrolled␈αterritory␈αor
␈↓ ↓H␈↓engage in sabotage to such an extent that the whites can no longer use them as a source of labor.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_In␈α
my␈α
opinion,␈α
5b␈αis␈α
the␈α
most␈α
likely␈αoutcome.␈α
 I␈α
don't␈α
think␈αthe␈α
whites␈α
can␈α
benefit␈αlong␈α
from
␈↓ ↓H␈↓black␈αlabor␈αafter␈αa␈αwar␈αstarts.␈α The␈αwhites␈αwill␈αbe␈αsqueezed␈αto␈αsome␈αarea,␈αlarge␈αor␈αsmall,␈αthat␈αthey
␈↓ ↓H␈↓can␈α⊂control␈α⊂and␈α⊂work␈α⊂without␈α⊂black␈α⊂labor.␈α⊃ I␈α⊂don't␈α⊂think␈α⊂the␈α⊂whites␈α⊂can␈α⊂be␈α⊂conquered␈α⊃at␈α⊂an
␈↓ ↓H␈↓acceptable␈α
cost␈α
to␈α
the␈α
blacks,␈α∞because␈α
they␈α
will␈α
regard␈α
2␈α
as␈α∞the␈α
most␈α
likely␈α
outcome␈α
in␈α∞that␈α
case,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ εH␈↓ 91


␈↓ ↓H␈↓and␈α⊃they␈α⊂will␈α⊃resort␈α⊂to␈α⊃nuclear␈α⊃weapons␈α⊂if␈α⊃pressed␈α⊂hard␈α⊃enough.␈α⊂ ␈↓↓No␈α⊃determined␈α⊃people␈α⊂with
␈↓ ↓H␈↓↓nuclear␈α∞weapons␈α∞can␈α∞be␈α∞conquered␈α∞in␈α∞the␈α∞forseeable␈α∞future␈α∞without␈α∞their␈α∞enemies␈α∞being␈α
devastated
␈↓ ↓H␈↓↓also␈↓.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_If␈αan␈αeventual␈αpartition␈αis␈αlikely,␈αthen␈αmen␈αof␈αgood␈αwill␈αshould␈αask␈αthemselves␈αwhether␈αit␈αis
␈↓ ↓H␈↓possible␈α∂to␈α∂reach␈α∂this␈α∂outcome␈α∂without␈α∂killing␈α∂all␈α∞those␈α∂people␈α∂or␈α∂with␈α∂as␈α∂few␈α∂people␈α∂killed␈α∞as
␈↓ ↓H␈↓possible.␈α It␈αseems␈αto␈αme␈αthat␈αit␈αis␈αunlikely␈αthat␈αwar␈αcan␈αbe␈αavoided␈αcompletely,␈αbut␈αthere␈αis␈αsome
␈↓ ↓H␈↓chance.␈α∩ Even␈α∩if␈α∩war␈α∩can't␈α⊃be␈α∩avoided,␈α∩the␈α∩number␈α∩killed␈α⊃can␈α∩be␈α∩minimized␈α∩by␈α∩reaching␈α⊃a
␈↓ ↓H␈↓settlement as quickly as possible as soon as there is enough agreement on what outcome is likely.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_The␈αbest␈αtechnique␈αfor␈αavoiding␈αor␈αending␈αa␈α
war␈αis␈αmediation␈αby␈αa␈αthird␈αparty.␈α At␈α
present
␈↓ ↓H␈↓there␈α∂seems␈α⊂to␈α∂be␈α⊂no-one␈α∂in␈α∂the␈α⊂world␈α∂qualified␈α⊂to␈α∂serve␈α∂as␈α⊂a␈α∂mediator␈α⊂of␈α∂this␈α⊂dispute.␈α∂ The
␈↓ ↓H␈↓reason␈αis␈α
that␈αevery␈α
government␈αand␈α
the␈αU.N.␈α
all␈αhave␈α
commitments␈αto␈α
a␈α"just"␈α
outcome.␈α These
␈↓ ↓H␈↓opinions␈αare␈αdetermined␈αby␈αthe␈αpolitics␈αwithin␈αthe␈αcountries␈αand␈αthe␈αU.N.␈αand␈αcannot␈αnow␈αbe␈αput
␈↓ ↓H␈↓to␈αone␈αside␈αmerely␈αto␈αavoid␈αwar.␈α Nor␈αis␈αarbitration␈αpossible.␈α An␈αarbitrator␈αis␈αsomeone␈αboth␈α
sides
␈↓ ↓H␈↓trust␈α
to␈αpropose␈α
a␈α
fair␈αor␈α
just␈αsettlement,␈α
and␈α
no␈αplausible␈α
arbitrator␈αexists␈α
now␈α
or␈αis␈α
likely␈αto␈α
exist
␈↓ ↓H␈↓in the forseeable future.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_An␈α
effective␈α∞mediator␈α
(as␈α∞distinct␈α
from␈α
an␈α∞arbitrator)␈α
cannot␈α∞be␈α
primarily␈α∞concerned␈α
with
␈↓ ↓H␈↓justice,␈αbecause␈αthe␈αparties␈αdon't␈αcare␈αwhat␈αhe␈αthinks␈αis␈αa␈αjust␈αoutcome.␈α His␈αeffectiveness␈α
depends
␈↓ ↓H␈↓on␈αhis␈αability␈αto␈αfind␈αan␈αagreement␈αthat␈αboth␈αparties␈αprefer␈αto␈αcontinuing␈αor␈αstarting␈αthe␈αfighting.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓At␈αpresent,␈αthe␈αdominant␈αworld␈αopinion␈αis␈αthat␈αthe␈αblacks␈αought␈αto␈αrule␈αSouth␈αAfrica.␈α Some␈αare
␈↓ ↓H␈↓concerned␈α
with␈αthe␈α
fate␈α
of␈αthe␈α
whites,␈α
but␈αwould␈α
rely␈α
on␈αhopes␈α
that␈α
the␈αblacks␈α
would␈α
make␈αand
␈↓ ↓H␈↓keep␈α⊂an␈α⊂agreement␈α⊂to␈α⊂treat␈α⊂them␈α⊂acceptably.␈α∂ Maybe␈α⊂the␈α⊂South␈α⊂African␈α⊂whites␈α⊂could␈α⊂come␈α∂to
␈↓ ↓H␈↓believe␈αthat,␈αbut␈αit␈αseems␈αunlikely.␈α More␈αlikely,␈αthey␈αwould␈αhave␈αto␈αbe␈αconquered␈αand␈αthey␈αwould
␈↓ ↓H␈↓resort to nuclear weapons to deter that outcome.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_Although␈α∀no-one␈α∪can␈α∀mediate␈α∪now,␈α∀eventually␈α∪it␈α∀will␈α∪become␈α∀clear␈α∪that␈α∀mediation␈α∪is
␈↓ ↓H␈↓necessary and some government will undertake to do it.  Maybe the U.S. will do it.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_Even␈α∞if␈α∞a␈α∞good␈α∞mediator␈α∞were␈α∞available,␈α∞it␈α
is␈α∞unlikely␈α∞that␈α∞he␈α∞could␈α∞have␈α∞much␈α∞effect␈α
at
␈↓ ↓H␈↓present for the following reasons:

␈↓ ↓H␈↓1.␈αAt␈αpresent,␈αthe␈αwhites␈αare␈αtoo␈αcomfortable.␈α While␈αmany␈αof␈αthem␈αfear␈αthe␈αfuture,␈αthis␈αfear␈αhas
␈↓ ↓H␈↓existed␈αfor␈α
some␈αtime,␈α
and␈αolder␈α
whites␈αcan␈αhope␈α
that␈αthe␈α
crisis␈αwon't␈α
come␈αin␈α
their␈αlifetimes.␈α It␈α
is
␈↓ ↓H␈↓indeed␈α⊂plausible␈α⊂that␈α∂the␈α⊂level␈α⊂of␈α⊂fighting␈α∂won't␈α⊂become␈α⊂unacceptable␈α∂to␈α⊂the␈α⊂whites␈α⊂for␈α∂many
␈↓ ↓H␈↓years.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓2.␈α
The␈α
dynamics␈α
of␈αpolitics␈α
among␈α
the␈α
blacks␈αis␈α
such␈α
that␈α
nothing␈αshort␈α
of␈α
total␈α
black␈αpower␈α
could
␈↓ ↓H␈↓be agreed upon today.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓3.␈α∩A␈α∪solution␈α∩without␈α∪war␈α∩is␈α∪not␈α∩in␈α∪the␈α∩interest␈α∩of␈α∪the␈α∩leaders␈α∪of␈α∩the␈α∪Soviet␈α∩Union␈α∪or␈α∩of
␈↓ ↓H␈↓revolutionary␈α
movements.␈α
 A␈α
war␈α
in␈α
Africa,␈α
like␈α∞the␈α
war␈α
in␈α
Vietnam,␈α
will␈α
permit␈α
them␈α∞to␈α
make
␈↓ ↓H␈↓political␈αgains␈α
all␈αover␈αthe␈α
world,␈αbecause␈αanything␈α
less␈αthan␈α
their␈αtotal␈αenthusiasm,␈α
for␈αthe␈αwar␈α
or
␈↓ ↓H␈↓any attempt at mitigating the fate of the whites, will meet a successful propaganda attack.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_It seems to me that any peace movement must be based on the following principles:
␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ εH␈↓ 92


␈↓ ↓H␈↓1.␈αThere␈αcannot␈αbe␈αa␈αblack␈αmajority␈αin␈αa␈αterritory␈αruled␈αby␈αwhites.␈α Any␈αsettlement␈αbased␈αon␈αthis
␈↓ ↓H␈↓would be temporary.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓2.␈αIf␈αthere␈αare␈αblacks␈αin␈αa␈αterritory␈αruled␈αby␈αwhites,␈αtheir␈αpresence␈αmust␈αbe␈αvoluntary.␈α They␈αmust
␈↓ ↓H␈↓have␈α∞full␈α∂civil␈α∞rights␈α∞if␈α∂they␈α∞are␈α∞permanent␈α∂residents,␈α∞and␈α∞they␈α∂must␈α∞have␈α∞rights␈α∂equivalent␈α∞to
␈↓ ↓H␈↓those␈αof␈αforeign␈αworkers␈αin␈αEurope␈αif␈αtheir␈αpresence␈αis␈αtemporary.␈α In␈αeither␈αcase,␈αthey␈αmust␈αbe␈αa
␈↓ ↓H␈↓minority.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓3. The whites must have some territory ruled by them.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_In␈α⊃principle,␈α∩there␈α⊃is␈α⊃no␈α∩more␈α⊃objection␈α⊃to␈α∩a␈α⊃secure␈α⊃and␈α∩prosperous␈α⊃white␈α∩presence␈α⊃in
␈↓ ↓H␈↓territory␈αruled␈α
by␈αblacks␈αthan␈α
the␈αconverse␈α
situation␈αin␈αAmerica,␈α
but␈αI␈αdon't␈α
believe␈αthere␈α
is␈αany
␈↓ ↓H␈↓way of getting there from where the situation is now.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_Mediation␈αsays␈αnothing␈αabout␈αthe␈αrelative␈αsizes␈αof␈αthe␈αblack␈αand␈αwhite␈αterritories.␈α The␈αsole
␈↓ ↓H␈↓requirement␈αis␈αthat␈αthe␈αoutcome␈αbe␈αpreferable␈αto␈αwar␈αto␈αboth␈αsides.␈α If␈αthere␈αis␈αany␈αoutcome␈αboth
␈↓ ↓H␈↓sides␈α⊃prefer␈α⊂to␈α⊃war,␈α⊃there␈α⊂will␈α⊃be␈α⊃a␈α⊂range␈α⊃of␈α⊃such␈α⊂outcomes,␈α⊃and␈α⊃the␈α⊂actual␈α⊃outcome␈α⊃will␈α⊂be
␈↓ ↓H␈↓determined␈αby␈αbargaining.␈α In␈αthe␈αbargaining,␈αroles␈αcan␈αbe␈αplayed␈αby␈αthreats␈α(both␈αsincere␈αthreats
␈↓ ↓H␈↓and␈αbluffs),␈αarguments␈αabout␈αjustice,␈αthe␈αopinions␈αof␈αoutsiders,␈αand␈αefforts␈αby␈αoutsiders␈αto␈αsweeten
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the␈αpot␈αaimed␈αat␈αmaking␈αone␈αor␈αboth␈αsides␈αprefer␈αa␈αcertain␈αoutcome␈αto␈αwar.␈α or␈αcontinuing␈αa␈αwar.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓It␈αseems␈αunlikely␈αthat␈αthe␈αthirteen␈αpercent␈αthat␈αthe␈αpresent␈αSouth␈αAfrican␈αgovernment␈αallocates␈αto
␈↓ ↓H␈↓blacks␈αwill␈αbe␈αpreferred␈αby␈αthe␈αblacks␈αto␈αwar.␈α I␈αbelieve␈αthat␈αthe␈αwhites␈αwould␈αfight␈αa␈αnuclear␈α
war
␈↓ ↓H␈↓before accepting thirteen percent for themselves.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_What␈α∂can␈α∂be␈α⊂done␈α∂now␈α∂to␈α⊂reduce␈α∂the␈α∂chances␈α⊂of␈α∂war␈α∂or␈α⊂mitigate␈α∂its␈α∂effects?␈α⊂ Merely␈α∂to
␈↓ ↓H␈↓advance␈αpartition␈αas␈αa␈αsolution␈αwill␈αadvance␈αthe␈αmovement␈αamong␈αwhites␈αto␈αprefer␈αagreeing␈αto␈αa
␈↓ ↓H␈↓reduced␈α∂standard␈α∞of␈α∂living␈α∂in␈α∞reduced␈α∂territory␈α∂to␈α∞letting␈α∂the␈α∂tension␈α∞increase␈α∂and␈α∂war␈α∞become
␈↓ ↓H␈↓inevitable.␈α If␈αthey␈αare␈αoffered␈αno␈αway␈αout,␈αintransigence␈αis␈αprobably␈αthe␈αmost␈αrational␈αalternative
␈↓ ↓H␈↓for␈α
them,␈αbecause␈α
there␈αare␈α
several␈αeventualities␈α
they␈α
can␈αhope␈α
for.␈α First,␈α
they␈αcan␈α
hope␈αthat␈α
their
␈↓ ↓H␈↓enemies␈α
will␈αfind␈α
something␈αto␈α
fight␈α
about␈αamong␈α
themselves,␈αso␈α
that␈αfighting␈α
South␈α
Africa␈αwill
␈↓ ↓H␈↓become␈αless␈α
important.␈α Secondly,␈αthey␈α
can␈αhope␈αthat␈α
the␈αcommunist␈αcountries␈α
and␈αthe␈αthird␈α
world
␈↓ ↓H␈↓left␈αwill␈αoverreach␈αthemselves␈αand␈αput␈αthe␈αWest␈αinto␈αa␈αdifficult␈αenough␈αposition␈αso␈αthat␈αthey␈αwill
␈↓ ↓H␈↓require white South Africa as an ally.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_Probably␈α∂the␈α∂blacks␈α∂would␈α∂accept␈α∂the␈α∂idea␈α∞of␈α∂a␈α∂genuine␈α∂partition␈α∂more␈α∂readily␈α∂than␈α∞the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓whites␈αwill.␈α They␈αhave␈αa␈αlong␈αwait␈αand␈α
much␈αsuffering␈αto␈αundergo,␈αbefore␈αthey␈αcan␈αeven␈αbegin␈α
a
␈↓ ↓H␈↓war.␈α∂ If␈α∂they␈α∞can␈α∂be␈α∂convinced␈α∞that␈α∂partition␈α∂is␈α∂the␈α∞likely␈α∂outcome␈α∂of␈α∞a␈α∂war␈α∂anyway,␈α∂they␈α∞will
␈↓ ↓H␈↓probably settle for it, but maybe not until they have flexed a few more muscles.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_Unfortunately␈α
for␈α
its␈α∞instant␈α
acceptability,␈α
partition␈α∞looks␈α
qualitatively␈α
like␈α∞the␈α
Afrikaaner
␈↓ ↓H␈↓nationalist␈αproposal␈αof␈α␈↓↓apartheid␈↓.␈α The␈αdifference␈αis␈αthat␈αthe␈αrelative␈αamounts␈αof␈αterritory␈αwill␈αbe
␈↓ ↓H␈↓settled␈α
by␈αnegotiation␈α
(not␈αby␈α
a␈αunilateral␈α
white␈αdecision),␈α
it␈αwon't␈α
be␈αgranted␈α
that␈αthe␈α
whites␈αare␈α
a
␈↓ ↓H␈↓superior␈αrace,␈αthere␈αmay␈αbe␈αsubstantial␈αsettlements␈αof␈αcash␈αand␈αdivision␈αof␈αindustry,␈αand␈αoutsiders
␈↓ ↓H␈↓(e.g. the U.S., Japan and Germany) might be persuaded to sweeten the pot.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ α_In␈α∞America,␈α∞another␈α∞unfortunate␈α∞fact␈α∞is␈α∞that␈α∞it␈α∞would␈α∞take␈α∞great␈α∞political␈α∞courage␈α∞for␈α∞the
␈↓ ↓H␈↓American␈α⊂peace␈α⊃movement␈α⊂to␈α⊂support␈α⊃mediation␈α⊂in␈α⊂Africa.␈α⊃ It␈α⊂will␈α⊂be␈α⊃much␈α⊂easier␈α⊂to␈α⊃take␈α⊂a
␈↓ ↓H␈↓vicarious␈α"victory␈αor␈αdeath"␈αattitude␈αon␈αbehalf␈αof␈αthe␈αAfrican␈αblacks.␈α The␈αquantity␈αof␈αdeath␈αmay
␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ εH␈↓ 93


␈↓ ↓H␈↓be␈αvery␈αlarge.␈α The␈αpeace␈αmovement␈αis␈αbased␈αon␈αthe␈αidea␈αthat␈αthe␈αRussians␈αcannot␈αbe␈αconquered;
␈↓ ↓H␈↓it will also have to accept the idea that South Africa cannot be conquered either.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓John McCarthy
␈↓ ↓H␈↓Stanford, California